Courses
About SOWISO
Contact
Unlock 
Courses
About SOWISO
Contact
Unlock 
sowiso logo Basic Statistics

Statistics for college and university students. Contains descriptive statistics, probability theory, inferential statistics, hypothesis testing, data analysis and more.

Booklet (PDF)
Available languages: 
nlen
Course content
Chapter 1. Descriptive Statistics
Types of Data and Measurements
THEORY
T
1.
Qualitative and Quantitative Variables
PRACTICE
P
2.
Qualitative and Quantitative Variables
9
THEORY
T
3.
The Hierarchy of Measurement Scales
PRACTICE
P
4.
The Hierarchy of Measurement Scales
2
THEORY
T
5.
Nominal Scale
PRACTICE
P
6.
Nominal Scale
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
Ordinal Scale
PRACTICE
P
8.
Ordinal scale
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
9.
Interval Scale
PRACTICE
P
10.
Interval scale
5
THEORY
T
11.
Ratio Scale
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
12.
Ratio Scale
Unlock full access locked
Frequency Distributions
THEORY
T
1.
Frequency Distributions
THEORY
T
2.
Frequency Distribution Tables
PRACTICE
P
3.
Frequency Distribution Tables
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
4.
Frequency Distribution Graphs
PRACTICE
P
5.
Frequency Distribution Graphs
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
6.
Shape of a Distribution
PRACTICE
P
7.
Shape of a Distribution
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
8.
Measures of Location I: Quantiles
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
9.
Measures of Location I: Quantiles
Unlock full access locked
Measures of Central Tendency
THEORY
T
1.
Introduction to Central Tendency
THEORY
T
2.
Mode
PRACTICE
P
3.
Mode
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
4.
Median
PRACTICE
P
5.
Median
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
6.
Mean
PRACTICE
P
7.
Mean
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
8.
Central Tendency and the Shape of a Distribution
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
9.
Central Tendency and the Shape of a Distribution
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
10.
Sensitivity to Outliers
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
11.
Sensitivity to Outliers
Unlock full access locked
Measures of Variability
THEORY
T
1.
Range, Interquartile Range, and the Five-Number Summary
PRACTICE
P
2.
Range, Interquartile Range, and the Five-Number Summary
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
Interquartile Range Rule for Identifying Outliers
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
4.
Interquartile Range Rule for Identifying Outliers
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Deviation from the Mean and the Sum of Squares
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
6.
Deviation from the Mean and Sum of Squares
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
Variance and Standard Deviation
PRACTICE
P
8.
Variance and Standard Deviation
Unlock full access locked
Measures of Location II: z-Scores
THEORY
T
1.
Z-scores
PRACTICE
P
2.
Z-scores
Unlock full access locked
Chapter 2. Correlation
THEORY
T
1.
Introduction to Correlation
THEORY
T
2.
Displaying the Relationship Between Two Variables
PRACTICE
P
3.
Displaying the Relationship Between Two Variables
3
THEORY
T
4.
Measuring the Relationship Between Two Variables
PRACTICE
P
5.
Measuring the Relationship Between Two Variables
7
THEORY
T
6.
Direction of a Linear Relationship: Covariance
PRACTICE
P
7.
Direction of a Linear Relationship: Covariance
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
8.
Strength of a Linear Relationship: Pearson Correlation Coefficient
PRACTICE
P
9.
Strength of a Linear Relationship: Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
10.
Hypothesis Test for the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
11.
Hypothesis Test for the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Unlock full access locked
Chapter 3. Probability
Randomness
THEORY
T
1.
Sets, Subsets and Elements
PRACTICE
P
2.
Sets, Subsets and Elements
3
THEORY
T
3.
Random experiments
THEORY
T
4.
Sample space
PRACTICE
P
5.
Sample space
3
THEORY
T
6.
Events
PRACTICE
P
7.
Events
4
Relationships between Events
THEORY
T
1.
Complement of an Event
PRACTICE
P
2.
Complement of an Event
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
Mutual Exclusivity
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
4.
Mutual Exclusivity
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Difference
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
6.
Difference
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
Intersection
PRACTICE
P
8.
Intersection
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
9.
Union
PRACTICE
P
10.
Union
Unlock full access locked
Probability
THEORY
T
1.
Definition of Probability
PRACTICE
P
2.
Definition of Probability
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
Probability of the Complement
PRACTICE
P
4.
Probability of the Complement
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Conditional Probability
PRACTICE
P
6.
Conditional Probability
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
Independence
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
8.
Independence
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
9.
Probability of the Intersection
PRACTICE
P
10.
Probability of the Intersection
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
11.
Probability of the Union
PRACTICE
P
12.
Probability of the Union
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
13.
Probability of the Difference
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
14.
Probability of the Difference
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
15.
Law of Total Probability
PRACTICE
P
16.
Law of Total Probability
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
17.
Bayes' Theorem
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
18.
Bayes' Theorem
Unlock full access locked
Contingency Tables
THEORY
T
1.
Interpreting Contingency Tables
PRACTICE
P
2.
Interpreting Contingency Tables
Unlock full access locked
Chapter 4. Probability Distributions
Probability Models
THEORY
T
1.
Discrete Probability Models
PRACTICE
P
2.
Discrete Probability Models
2
THEORY
T
3.
Continuous Probability Models
PRACTICE
P
4.
Continuous Probability Models
2
Random Variables
THEORY
T
1.
Random Variables
PRACTICE
P
2.
Random Variables
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
Probability Distributions
PRACTICE
P
4.
Probability Distributions
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Expected Value of a Random Variable
PRACTICE
P
6.
Expected Value of a Random Variable
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
Variance of a Random Variable
PRACTICE
P
8.
Variance of a Random Variable
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
9.
Sums of Random Variables
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
10.
Sum of Random Variables
Unlock full access locked
Discrete Probability Distributions
THEORY
T
1.
The Bernoulli Probability Distribution
PRACTICE
P
2.
The Bernoulli Probability Distribution
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
The Binomial Probability Distribution
PRACTICE
P
4.
The Binomial Probability Distribution
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
The Geometric Probability Distribution
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
6.
The Geometric Probability Distribution
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
The Poisson Probability Distribution
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
8.
The Poisson Probability Distribution
Unlock full access locked
Continuous Probability Distributions
THEORY
T
1.
The Normal Distribution
PRACTICE
P
2.
The Normal Distribution
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
The Normal Probability Distribution
PRACTICE
P
4.
The Normal Probability Distribution
Unlock full access locked
Chapter 5. Sampling
Sampling and Sampling Methods
THEORY
T
1.
Sampling and Unbiased Sampling Methods
PRACTICE
P
2.
Sampling and Unbiased Sampling Methods
2
THEORY
T
3.
Biased Sampling Methods
PRACTICE
P
4.
Sampling Methods
Unlock full access locked
Sampling Distributions
THEORY
T
1.
Sampling Distributions
PRACTICE
P
2.
Sampling Distributions
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
PRACTICE
P
4.
Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
6.
Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion
Unlock full access locked
Chapter 6. Parameter Estimation and Confidence Intervals
THEORY
T
1.
Parameter Estimation
PRACTICE
P
2.
Parameter Estimation
3
THEORY
T
3.
Constructing a 95% Confidence Interval for the Population Mean
PRACTICE
P
4.
Constructing a 95% Confidence Interval for the Population Mean
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Confidence Interval for the Population Mean
PRACTICE
P
6.
Confidence Interval for the Population Mean
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
Confidence Interval for the Population Proportion
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
8.
Confidence Interval for the Population Proportion
Unlock full access locked
Chapter 7. Hypothesis Testing
Introduction to Hypothesis Testing (p-value Approach)
THEORY
T
1.
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
PRACTICE
P
2.
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
1
THEORY
T
3.
Formulating the Research Hypotheses
PRACTICE
P
4.
Formulating the Research Hypotheses
4
THEORY
T
5.
Two-tailed vs. One-tailed Testing
PRACTICE
P
6.
Two-tailed vs. One-tailed Testing
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
Setting the Criteria for a Decision
PRACTICE
P
8.
Setting the Criteria for a Decision
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
9.
Computing the Test Statistic
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
10.
Computing the Test Statistic
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
11.
Computing the p-value and Making a Decision
PRACTICE
P
12.
Computing the p-value and Making a Decision
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
13.
Assumptions of the Z-test
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
14.
Assumptions of the Z-test
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
15.
Connection between Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals
PRACTICE
P
16.
Connection between Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
17.
Errors in Decision Making
PRACTICE
P
18.
Errors in Decision Making
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
19.
Statistical Power
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
20.
Statistical Power
Unlock full access locked
Introduction to Hypothesis Testing (Critical Region Approach
THEORY
T
1.
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
PRACTICE
P
2.
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
Formulating the Research Hypotheses
PRACTICE
P
4.
Formulating the Research Hypotheses
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Determining the Critical Region
PRACTICE
P
6.
Determining the Critical Region
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
Computing the Test Statistic and Making a Decision
PRACTICE
P
8.
Computing the Test Statistic and Making a Decision
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
9.
Assumptions of the z-test
PRACTICE
P
10.
Assumptions of the z-test
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
11.
Connection between Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals
PRACTICE
P
12.
Connection between Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
13.
Errors in Decision Making
PRACTICE
P
14.
Errors in Decision Making
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
15.
Statistical Power
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
16.
Statistical Power
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
17.
One-tailed Tests
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
18.
One-tailed Tests
Unlock full access locked
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
THEORY
T
1.
Hypotheses of a Population Proportion Test
PRACTICE
P
2.
Hypotheses of a Population Proportion Test
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
Large-sample Proportion Test: Test Statistic and p-value
PRACTICE
P
4.
Large-sample Proportion Test: Test Statistic and p-value
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Small-sample Proportion Test: Test Statistic and p-value
PRACTICE
P
6.
Small-sample Proportion Test: Test Statistic and p-value
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
Hypothesis Test for a Proportion and Confidence Intervals
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
8.
Hypothesis Test for a Proportion and Confidence Intervals
Unlock full access locked
One-sample t-test
THEORY
T
1.
One-sample t-test: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
PRACTICE
P
2.
One-sample t-test: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
One-sample t-test: Test Statistic and p-value
PRACTICE
P
4.
One-sample t-test: Test Statistic and p-value
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Confidence Interval for μ when σ is Unknown
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
6.
Confidence Interval for μ when σ is Unknown
Unlock full access locked
Chapter 8. Testing for Differences in Mean and Proportion
Paired Samples t-test
THEORY
T
1.
Paired Samples t-test: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
PRACTICE
P
2.
Paired Samples t-test: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
4
THEORY
T
3.
Paired Samples t-test: Test Statistic and p-value
PRACTICE
P
4.
Paired Samples t-test: Test Statistic and p-value
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Confidence Interval for a Mean Difference
PRACTICE
P
6.
Confidence Interval for a Mean Difference
Unlock full access locked
Independent Samples t-test
THEORY
T
1.
Independent Samples t-test: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
PRACTICE
P
2.
Independent Samples t-test: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
Independent Samples t-test: Test Statistic and p-value
PRACTICE
P
4.
Independent Samples t-test: Test Statistic and p-value
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Independent Means
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
6.
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Independent Means
Unlock full access locked
Independent Proportions Z-test
THEORY
T
1.
Independent Proportions Z-test: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
PRACTICE
P
2.
Independent Proportions Z-test: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
Independent Proportions Z-test: Test Statistic and p-value
PRACTICE
P
4.
Independent Proportions Z-test: Test Statistic and p-value
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Independent Proportions
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
6.
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Independent Proportions
Unlock full access locked
Chapter 9: Categorical Association
Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test
THEORY
T
1.
Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
PRACTICE
P
2.
Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
3
THEORY
T
3.
Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test: Test Statistic and p-value
PRACTICE
P
4.
Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test: Test Statistic and p-value
Unlock full access locked
Chi-Square Test for Independence
THEORY
T
1.
Chi-Square Test for Independence: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
PRACTICE
P
2.
Chi-Square Test for Independence: Purpose, Hypotheses, and Assumptions
2
THEORY
T
3.
Chi-Square Test for Independence: Test Statistic and p-value
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
4.
Chi-Square Test for Independence: Test Statistic and p-value
Unlock full access locked
Chapter 10: Analysis of Variance
THEORY
T
1.
Introduction to Analysis of Variance
PRACTICE
P
2.
Introduction to Analysis of Variance
5
THEORY
T
3.
One-way ANOVA: Hypotheses and Logic
PRACTICE
P
4.
One-way ANOVA: Hypotheses and Logic
8
THEORY
T
5.
One-way ANOVA: Test Statistic
PRACTICE
P
6.
One-way ANOVA: Test Statistic
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
One-way ANOVA: Model and Assumptions
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
8.
One-way ANOVA: Model and Assumptions
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
9.
One-way ANOVA: Post Hoc Tests
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
10.
One-way ANOVA: Post Hoc Tests
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
11.
One-way ANOVA: Using R
PRACTICE
P
12.
One-way ANOVA: Using R
Unlock full access locked
Chapter 11: Regression Analysis
Simple Linear Regression
THEORY
T
1.
Introduction to Regression Analysis
PRACTICE
P
2.
Introduction to Regression Analysis
3
THEORY
T
3.
Residuals and Total Squared Error
PRACTICE
P
4.
Residuals and Total Squared Error
2
THEORY
T
5.
Finding the Regression Equation
PRACTICE
P
6.
Finding the Regression Equation
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
7.
The Coefficient of Determination
PRACTICE
P
8.
The Coefficient of Determination
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
9.
Regression Analysis and Causality
Unlock full access locked
PRACTICE
P
10.
Regression Analysis and Causality
Unlock full access locked
Multiple Linear Regression
THEORY
T
1.
Multiple Linear Regression
PRACTICE
P
2.
Multiple Linear Regression
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
3.
Overfitting and Multicollinearity
PRACTICE
P
4.
Overfitting and Multicollinearity
Unlock full access locked
THEORY
T
5.
Dummy Variables
PRACTICE
P
6.
Dummy Variables
Unlock full access locked
Unlock full access  unlock
Teacher access
Request a demo account. We will help you get started with our digital learning environment.
Create demo account
Student access
Is your university not a partner? Get access to our courses via Pass Your Math independent of your university. See pricing and more.
Or visit omptest.org if jou are taking an OMPT exam.
More info